Friction spindle press and method for the maximum utilization thereof



Aug. 26, 1930. 0. MAY 1,774,148

FRICTION SPINDLE PRESS AND METHOD FOR THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION THEREOF 3 Sheets-Sheet -1 Filed Feb. 25. l926 .nHIlH h jgVENTOR BY C 7? M ATTORNEY Aug. 26, 1930. Q MAY 1,774,148

ERIC

TION SPINDLE PRESS AND METHOD FOR THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION THEREOF F-iled Feb. 25 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 T l o 74 52 4 INVENTOR 0;! May BY 5/? w Z M ATTORNEY Aug. 26, 1930. 0, MAY 1,774,148 FRICTION SPINDLE PRESS AND METHOD FOR THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION THEREOF Fild Feb. 25. 1926 a Sheets-Sheet 5 P (PRESSURE) a INVENTOR W10 May Ma ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 26, 1930 UNITED STATES OTTO MAY, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY FRICTION SPINDLE PRESS AND METHOD FOR THE MAXIMUM UTILIZATION THEREOF Application filed February 25, 1926, Serial No. 90,502, and in Germany February 27, 1 925.

This invention relates to friction spindle presses, and has for its object to provide such a press which has a higher efficiency than the standard press heretofore in use.

The object of this invention is to increase the efficiency and therefore output of friction spindle presses.

The invention consists in providing a press and method of operating the same, to increase the efficiency and therefore the output of a friction spindle press by a controlled increase of the centrifugal force energy, to approximate and substantially equal that permissible by the construction of the press.

Furthermore, the invention consists in a friction spindle press which by the arrangement of suitable measuring devices and by the arrangement of a controlled centrifugal energy is so improved that the press itself becomes a gauge measuring machine in respect to its maximum output, and thereby the possibility is created to bring about an increase of the output by the controlled increase of the centrifugal energy.

In the press of this character heretofore in use, the centrifugal force had to be confined within its maximum, in fear that the press would be destroyed, and so after an approximate safety limit was determined for each press, the velocity and also the rotating mass,

that is, the centrifugal energy was always held within such limitations, so that the user was instructed not to exceed the same, and did not exceed the same for fear of bringing about the destruction of the press. Necessarily, such presses could only be used in respect to part of their output efficiency, and thus a considerable loss in usefulness resulted.

My invention overcomes these defects in that the utilization of the centrifugal force is such as to correspond in respect to its maximum, closely to the maximum resistance to pressure of the press.

It is well known that in the same press by the working of workpieces of different dimensions or materials totally different maximum pressures arise, which are independent of the workpiece, increasing from zero to the end pressure.

These maximum pressures for an eventual workpiece determine themselves in accordance with the well known energy law applied to friction presses: 13 1 d 1 in which E is energy, P is pressure and (Zy the deformation distance, or in words:

The energy induced by the flywheel equals the sum of pressures multiplied by deformation movements belonging thereto.

The press itself, that is, the loaded parts, stand naturally under the same eventual pressures as the workpiece and so the frame of the press during a stroke of the plunger will be elastically bent more or less in correspondence with the amount of pressure applied. The deflection of the parts of the frame of the press is therefore directly proportional to the pressure.

Conversely, one can also, on the one hand, out of the momentary deflections of th frame of the press, measure the amount of the momentary pressures. On the other hand, one can, mathematically from energy=Pd 2 measure the respective pressures correspond ing to the deformation amount do of the workpiece.

Instruments for the measurement of these two dimensions can be arranged in diflerent ways. In any case, however, the end combination will be such as will be shown by an example hereafter described.

It has been said that the press always stands under the same head as the workpiece, that is, the originally present exactly bounded energy amount which is created by every strike, will be used up in part by the press itself as deformation and friction work; and the energy equation more accurately expressed will read as follows:

(2) E=Pdy (workpiece) Pdy (press) This equation shows that as the workpiece portion of the formula gets smaller, the higher will be the pressure of the press, since E is constant relatively. When the highest possible pressure of the press which is possible is reached, that is when no workpiece is inserted at all, then the press is hard struck and this corresponds to the highest energy element of the press, as none corresponds to the workpiece, which is readily Visible from equation 2.

As fundamental consideration the press must be so cons ructed and so dimensioned that it "an be struck hard, that is, that it an, without danger, withstand the highest pressure. In the presses heretofore used, the manufacturers of such presses w uld so limit the flywheel \eloeity or its weight that its revolutions would be limited, because any excess thereof without exact control would soon be so dangerous that the press would be destroyed.

On the other hand, however, it is seen from the foregoing equation 2, that a press of ti e construction heretofore proposed with its controlled limited energy never can be practically fully utilized in the sense of technical resistanccs when with it a workpiece is worked as the pressure which that press would permit to be utilized is never utilize l. But, in accordance with my invention, this highest pressure for any press can be reached when the centrifugal energy under control is increased.

rrssuming that the amount of this permissable increase l'LOWll, then it is attained as follo rs:

1. The flywheel can be construc ively so made, that different weights are provided, whereby the same velocity, but by increased momentum, a larg r energy is stored.

2. Or, the eloci Ya ied under control.

The operation of the increase is follows:

By means of a measuring apparatus, the work (material, pressure, deformation curve) is registered. This curve is then compared with that of the iighest possible pressure of the press. I this urve is within the highest possible pressure of press curve, then the work curve can be extended until it cuts the highest pressure curve. e, between the attained work curve and the point of cutting of said extension and the highest pressure curve, provides the safety elementthrough which the pressure can be increased.

A chart or table will show the said safety curve, and the COrlQSPOllCliHQ iosition of the operating lever or wheel, which may increase ie increase of the centrifugal energ up to s maximum. l

its the highest point of the work curve which has been taken may lie so low under the naximuin V ire curve that the further irogress of the curve cannot be accurate tl it ly enough f resee i the table is calculated with a corresponding hi gh safety factor in order to prerent a stepping over of the highest pressure for that press. A second taking of a curve by the increased. energy will then indicate the consequent eelincation of the work cur e so accurately that eventually a further addition,-a small dimensioned increment,-

to that under the safety factor may be found.

Tests have proven that in all warm pressing, increases up to ten times and more were obtained. This incre" indicates not alone, that, for example, the workpiece, which had to be struck five times heretofore, can now he s ruck only once, but tha' this strike in conseouence of the thereby nece sary increase of ti erated Velocity itself, can be carried 0- or than heretofore.

Furthermore, the elllciency output of the press itself is much llflPl'OVQtl, because it utilizes proportionall a much 'Wer amount of the now increased accele'atiou energy of the press deformation work, as is easily seen from equation Particularly important apnea prorem nt when the press is use press work. A friction t rs the iml for warm 1 lready well in View of its 0 end of its pres- "oimation relodv call is bette a d '1 for hot )10 any other l ress,so tha ixfllll'l pieces during their nation get much warmer. By the in proved ress in addition to the mentioned advantages comes also this, that the atlvantageous relocity action is increased in c irrespondence to the heat di ipas i'ion of the woriqiiece, so that the deformasure i s theoreti or can take place quicker than the heat dis- The invention will be more fully described hereinafter. Embodiment thereof will be shown in the accompany no; drawings and the intentions themselves will be finally pointed out in the claims.

1n the accompanyii drawii gs, 11 t.

T gure 1, is a printed ViOW of my improved fric ion spindle presses.

Figure 2, is a printed VlCW of the frame of my improyed press showing its means of measuring the distortion of the frame, with the indicating linger at Zero position.

ure 3, is a similar View showing the distorted and showing the indicating aximum position.

's a similar \iQW of the frame or measuring device thereli n 1 it 3 l the amount 0.- deioimaicce from the zero p -Jit1011 a similar View of the frame of Figure 5, is the press haying a chart or curve sheet therethe friction press the-re shown are Well known. An example of a friction press is shown in the patent of Debauvais #146,808 of January 27 1874. In presses of this kind the frame is suitably secured by bolts 11 or the like and has an anvil 12 above which the plunger 13 is suitably guided by guide members 14: and the plunger 13 is secured through a vertical spindle 15 which has keyed at its other end a centrifugal wheel 16. This wheel16 is operated by contact with vertically arranged friction discs 17 and 18, either one of these wheels being brought in contact with the periphery of the Wheel 16. In Figure 1, the periphery of the wheel 16 is in contact with the face of the friction disc 17. As the plunger 13 descends, that is, as thespindle 15 is rotated the wheel 16 from near the center of the friction disc 17 towards its periphery and during this travel from the central. portion outwardly the speed of the wheel 16 is increased. It is well known that the greater the radius of the friction disc 17 the greater will be the velocity of rotation given to the wheel 16. It is also Well known that the greater the mass or weight of the wheel 16 the greater will be the centrifugal energy and it is well known that this centrifugal energy equals the mass multiplied by the square of the velocity. The friction discs 17 and 18 are suitably keyed to a shaft 19 which is rotated by a suitable motive power. In order to throw either the friction disc 17 or the friction disk 18 into engagement with the wheel 16 a leverage #20 suitably pivoted to the frame of the machine at 21 is provided and this leverage #20 engages a collar 22 and sleeve 24 passing over shaft 19. The free end of the leverage #20 could be provided at 23 with a suitable operating handle placed in a position convenient to the workman. The parts that have been described are not claimed as new.

In order however to give the wheel 16 the greatest velocity of travel under controlled conditions it is advisable to shift the friction wheels 17 and 18 in a vertical direction. For this purpose the side uprights 25 of the frame are provided with suitable trunnions for the shaft 19 and the sleeve 24 and these trunnions are vertically movable by the full maximum. To the side members of the frame 10 a bracket 26 is screwed in which a spindle 27 is arranged and to this spindle 27 and arm 28 is screwed, the end of which passes over a graduated scale 29 of the bracket 26. The spindle 27 is continued in shaft form as at 30 until it reaches the lower part of the trunnion 31 passing for guiding purpos 1 through a brac of 32. A similar upright shaft at the other side of the frame and indicated by 33 is provided which is adapted when raised to move the trunnion with the same degree of movement as the trunnion 31 was moved. For this purpose the shaft 30 is provided with a bevel gear 35 engaging the bevel 36 on a horizontal shaft 37 which at this end has a bevel 38 engaging a bevel 39 screwed on the shaft 33. As the bevel 39 is rotated the screw threaded end of the shaft 33 is moved in the screw threaded bracket 40 and thereby the shaft 33 is raised to the same degree as the shaft 30 was raised by the movement of the spindle 37. The spindle is provided with a suitable handwheel 41 to facilitate its operation. Thus the handwheel 41 may be moved any number of rotations corresponding to the amount of pressure energy desired to be exerted by the press in conformity with the graduated scale 29 on the bracket 26, and in consequence of the rotation of the handwheel 41 the friction discs 17 and 18 will be raised in respect to the wheel 16 to such a degree as conforms to the centrifugal energy desired which in turn corresponds to the amount of energy or pressure of the machine desired.

lVith every amount of pressure exerted by the plunger 13, a corresponding amount of distortion of the frame 10 of the press is ln'ought about and this can be suitably meas- Hired by attaching to the upper side of the frame at a link or lever 51 secured atits lower end to an indicating finger 52 the point of which passes over the scale 53. To this same finger 52 there is pivoted another link or lever 54 having its other end pivoted at 55 to the lower part of the frame 10. Vhen the frame is distorted from its position shown in Figure 2 to its position shown in Figure 3 the indicating finger 52 will be moved over the scale 53 in such a manner as to show the amount of distortion. Thus this arrangement of levers and indicating finger will indicate the amount of distortion of the frame 10. The maximum amount of pressure applied will indicate the maximum amount of distortion possible and any pressure in excess of this would destroy the machine. The amount of pressure which the machine or which a frame of a machine will absorb can be mathematically calculated and becomes a definite criterion for each press depending upon pressures upon the constituency of the materials used in the construction of the press, etc.

It is also necessary, as follows from the formula of energy heretofore outlined to ascertain the amount of deformation of the workpiece. This is done by providing a measuring apparatus which will indicate this de formation and such a device is shown in Fig ure 4. An elbow lever is provided which is pivoted at 61 to the frame 10 of the machine and the end of the lever 16 passes over a scale 62. The other end of the elbow lever is placed in a position below the plunger 13 so as to contact therewith and an increment movement of the plunger will be translated on the scale 62 by the point of the lever 60. The initial position of the plunger 13 is shown in 1 111 111 means Wherebv this additionui enere" 111211 be p {I 1 --J spending; snreiy ntuizeo. o me presses. It does not in 1 iece is erery czise 1011011 the: the curve T5111 co11- t1 .1 11101 tinue 111 the same 3 Fioineiimes 1110591) 11% curves W111 1ed erticni 7O Wei-d 011 .1 1

form a one engineers. 011E119 i guideu'a the hire 1 .ie curve '1 1 10x1111 1 :he doi'ted dernnn d by die ope;

' ieeture 1 very difce preiiniinn i11 1 1 use of guided 111' 1111 1 11'i111 once dc'i'eri' or 1111111 71 psi'iiicuhir (111111 1: cier oi 1d e be the defornizr i pressure or f 0111 the con 1 1 e d o "11138 press u'ouid are the .:e p011 od out.

'u111ine- 16. 1 these curve s by the eigi shown 11 Figure l, a 11s it corre:r 1 igeinent to car- Which 11121; 'e 1 e'iore riescribed press es may be made in safety press 1 i i i the i'iriciion spind'ie 1111111 r i 1 r 1 at 111so the 11 ensur- [nose c i in fled considerzibh; in pressure indi coinLierciui embodiments the safety of 1 1e princip1es of she inven- .Vhen the press is ope 1 'nbefore described. The measurpiece with the curve shee; op 1 1 M 1 v L19 i. have shown and described the indicating ineinbe W111 in 1 i nited by other nieusuring (1e- 1 75 on these curve shee s and 1 (:11 are based upon other princip1es takes the outiine ss 1 b chhowever,huieiiheeiieetoi111ei1s11r- W111 be seen 11111;- on adr 1 1310111. 11 seine 11118118161 8 51s hereinbefore deiereiiore do not Wish to be limited to the 1 shown in "che drawings ribed in connection be utiiized, because as before 75 1111137 be continued uni" sure iine '1" 6. The ener sponds to the 11111 131 enc with line '15 and. the 21 ddi 1i y is of 11 y inventions will face 0 :1 Z), is that add e f 11:, set forth in the ioi1owing chiii'ns. 5 c1111 be utilized as sci11w i 1 21nd within a pressure e111 1 nation with press of the class that indies-t d by 1111 "111g 11 deiorinzibie frame, an

11 1e 6. If ihen suci 5 e iou'er 131111011 and menus for 1117 75 is produced b} eiling the upper phiien to c0111- 20 ii wi11 in dicsie 1:0 1 11 11 piece upon the ion'er phden with :1 5211 21 (,iGLlGlli ind I p V i deioii'nuiion of the iii-rune, i11- iion 78 0 energy surfac 1 is i Actuated joiirtiy by f .iune deent. find the operator of h v i d converging movement of the by increase his pressure 11 1 1011211 to (1011113 ion of the 111 1111 pressure indie; 0 whereby indication is given of ib1e stress, and maximum 1 be p1'11ct1cz111y utihzec oinbirntion with 11 press of the is the nddii'ionni ener surface a a F)" D, 11111; 1111s 11 uiiiized in the press-es hereto it is one object of my invention to provicie ed, ineiuding a frame having members capable of deformation, a lower platen and an upper platen, and means for forcibly impelling one platen toward the other upon a work piece therebetween and against the resistance of the deformable members of the frame, of a movable indicator connected to the deformable members of the frame which are relativel moved in a direction away from each ot ier when the work piece is compressed between the platens and a scale upon which the indicator gives indication of frame deformation.

3. The combination with a press of the class described, including a frame having members capable of deformation, a lower platen and an upper platen, and means for forcibly impelling one platen toward the other, of a movable indicator connected to two parts of the frame which are relatively moved under the stress of the press action, and another indicator arranged to move in accordance with relative movement of the platens.

4. The combination with a press of the class described, including a frame having members capable of deformation, a lower platen and an upper platen, and means for forcibly impelling one platen toward the other, of a movable indicator connected to two parts of the frame which are relatively moved under the stress of the press action, and another indicator arranged to move 1n accordance with relative movement of the platens, and a chart connected to move with one of the indicators and thus establish with reference to the other indicator a curve of pressure values.

5. A press mechanism of the) class described, comprising aframe having uprights and cross members forming substantially a loop, one of the cross members serving as a platen, a relatively movable platen and means for impelling it forcibly toward the platen first named, and a pointer pivotally connected to the frame cross members and giving by its movement indication of frame distortion due to the press pressure.

,6. A press mechanism of the class described, comprising a frame having uprights and cross members forming substantially a loop, one of the cross members serving as a platen, a relatively movable platen and means for impelling it forcibly toward the platen first named, a pointer pivotally connected to the frame cross members and giving by its movement indication of frame distortion due to the press pressure, and another pointer pivoted on a frame member and actuated by the movable platen to give an indication of deflection of the work piece.

7. A press mechanism of the class described, comprising a frame having uprights and cross members forming substantially a loop, one of the cross members serving as a platen, a relatively movable platen and means for impelling it forcibly toward the platen first named, a pointer pivotally connected to the frame cross members and giving by its movement indication of frame distortion due to the press pressure, another pointer pivoted on a frame member and actuated by the movable platen to give an indication of deflection of the work piece, and means for coordinating the indications of the two pointers to establish a curve representing the combined press pressure and work piece deflection.

8. A press mechanism of the class described, comprising a frame having uprights, an anvil extending between said uprights and rigid therewith at its ends, a plunger supported in said frame and operable toward said anvil, and means comprising connected relatively movable parts connected between said frame and anvil and operable upon the movement of the plunger to indicate the degree of deformation of a work piece upon said anvil.

9. A press mechanism of the class de scribed, comprising a frame having uprights connected by a transverse part, an anvil opposite the transverse part extending between the uprights and rigid therewith at its ends, a plunger mounted in said frame between the transverse part and anvil to compress a work piece against the anvil, and means connected with parts of the frame for indicating the degree of distortion of the frame due to the pressure exerted by the plunger against the work piece and anvil.

10. A press mechanism of the class described in claim 9 wherein said means comprises an indicating finger and a pair of links pivotally attached to separate points on the frame at one end and to separate points on the indicating finger at the other.

11. A press mechanism of the class described, comprising a frame having uprights, an anvil extending between the uprights and rigid therewith at its ends, a plunger supported by said frame for movement toward the anvil, an indicator comprising a pointer connected to separate parts of the frame to show the distortion of the frame due to the pressure exerted by the plunger, and another indicator comprising a pointer in line with the movement of the plunger to indicate the deformation of a work piece on the anvil.

12. A press mechanism of the class described according to claim 11 wherein the in dicator of the deformation of the work piece is connected to a device for carrying a curve sheet movably mounted on the frame, in position to co-operate with the pointer of the first-named indicator.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, 1 have signed my name hereto.

OTTO MAY. 

